Ismaʻīl Rājī al-Fārūqī (Arabic: إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي; [ʔisˈmæːʕiːl ˈɾaːdʒiː ɪl.fɑːˈɾuːqiː]; January 1, 1921 – May 27, 1986) was a Palestinian-American philosopher known for his contributions to Is…